Land Use Assessment

Office of the Real Estate Assessor
306 Cedar Road, 4th Floor, Chesapeake, Virginia 23322
Phone: 757-382-6235 · Fax: 757-382-6844

Use Value Assessment: for land that is being actively and bonafidely used or operated commercially for agriculture, horticulture, forest and open space use.

Quick Reference Links:

Special Use Value Assessments
Qualifications for Special Classification
Land Owner Obligations For Land Use Assessment
Questions and Answers
Virginia's Use Value Assessment Program

Special Use Value Assessments:

Article X, Section 2 of the Constitution of Virginia provides for implementation of general law to permit local jurisdictions to grant deferral of or relief from, a portion of the real estate taxes on certain classes of real estate. The General Assembly passed legislation permitting localities, by ordinance and according to specific criteria, the authority of the special assessment and taxation of agricultural, horticultural, forest and open-space lands at its use value rather than its fair market value.

Qualifications for Special Classification

Agricultural Use:

Must be devoted to the bona fide production for sale of plants and animals useful to man under uniform standards prescribed by the Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Services, or when devoted to and meeting the requirements and qualifications for payments or other compensation pursuant to a soil conservation program under an agreement with an agency of the federal government. Agricultural use classification requires a minimum of five acres devoted to an agricultural use.

Horticultural Use:

Must be devoted to the bona fide production for sale of fruits of all kinds, vegetables, nursery and floral products under uniform standards prescribed by the Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Services, or devoted to and meeting requirements and qualifications for payments or other compensation pursuant to a soil conservation program under an agreement with an agency of the federal government. Horticultural use classification requires a minimum of five acres devoted to a horticultural use.

Forest Use:

Forest use classification is described as land devoted to tree growth in such quantity and so spaced and maintained as to constitute a forest area under standards prescribed by the State Forester; requires 20 acres minimum devoted to forest use

Open-Space Use:

Real estate devoted to open-space use shall mean real estate used to provide or preserved for park or recreational purposes, conservation of land or other natural resources, floodways, historic or scenic purposes, or assisting in the shaping of the character, direction, and timing of community development or for the public interest and consistent with the local land-use plan under uniform standards prescribed by the Director of the Department of Conservation and Historic Resources. Open space classification requires a minimum of five acres in open space use and execution of an open space agreement.

Land Owner Obligations for Use Value Assessment

Applications:

graphic image - farm and harvested field Applications for taxation on the basis of a land use value assessment are accepted by the Real Estate Assessor's office from October 1 through November 2 of each year. This application, after approval, will be effective for the next fiscal tax year, starting July 1 of the following year. The application fee is $10.00. Late applications may be submitted after the November 2 deadline upon payment of a late fee of $3.00 per day for each application filed. Applications are accepted through December 31. All owners of the property are required to complete and sign the application (3 copies) and a certification form. The certification (for agricultural, horticultural or forest use) form must be signed and notarized. An amended application shall be submitted when the acreage of the parcel changes due to a subdivision or survey.

Incorrect information on the following subjects will be considered material misstatements and subject the owner to removal from the program, assessment of roll back tax and penalty:

The number and identities of the known owners of the property.
The actual use of the property
The intentional misrepresentation of the number of acres in the parcel to be taxed according to use
The zoning of the property

Annual Revalidation:

In the City of Chesapeake, property owners are required to revalidate the application annually. Revalidation forms are mailed by October 1 of each year. The revalidation form must be completed and returned to the Real Estate Assessor's office by December 5. Revalidation forms will be accepted after the deadline by paying a late filing fee of $3.00 per day for each application. Revalidation forms are NOT accepted after the last working day in December.

Failure to revalidate will result in the removal of the property from the use value assessment program. The property will then be taxed based on the fair market value assessment.

Change in Use or Zoning:

When the qualifying use of the property is changed to a non-qualifying use or if the property is rezoned to a more intensive use, at the request of the owner or his agent, this change must be reported to the Real Estate Assessor within 60 days after such change occurs.

Roll-back Taxes:

Roll-back taxes will be assessed when real estate that has been taxed according to special use value assessment changes to a non-qualifying use (change in use). As of July 1, 1988, roll back taxes are also applied when property, at the request of the owner or agent, is rezoned to a more intensive use (zoning). Also, after property is subdivided or a split-off parcel occurs, roll back taxes will be assessed when the parcels affected do not meet the use value qualifications (subdivision).

Rollback tax is equal to the difference between the use value assessment tax and tax on the fair market value, for the present and each of the five most recent complete tax years, including simple interest.

Real Estate Taxes:

Property shall be removed from the use value assessment program if delinquent taxes are not paid by June 1 of the year following the year in which due.

Questions and Answers:

What is the use value assessment program; will this program save the property owner money? The use value assessment program is a law that permits localities to adopt a program of special assessments for agricultural, horticultural, forest and open-space use. Qualifying properties are assessed and taxed based on the "use" value assessment.

What is the purpose of the use value assessment program? To encourage the preservation and beneficial use of real estate in order to assure a readily available source of agricultural, horticultural, and forest products and to provide for open-space preservation.

What are the qualifications for a use value assessment? To qualify for use value assessment, the parcel must meet the basic criteria and uniform standards as prescribed by the Commissioner of Agricultural and Consumer Services (agricultural and horticultural lands), the State Forester (forest lands), the Director of the Department of Conservation and Recreation (open space lands). The application process requires the property owner to certify the income earned from the "use" of the property. Qualifying uses under the agricultural and horticultural classification include:

The production for sale of:

Grain and feed crops
Forage crops
Bees and apiary products
Vegetables
Fruits and nuts
Commercial sod and seed
Tobacco, cotton, and peanuts
Dairy animals and dairy products
Nursery and floral products
Poultry and poultry products
Livestock; beef cattle, sheep swine, horses

Does property qualify for the special use value assessment when the land is used for livestock? Qualifying uses include livestock, including beef cattle, sheep, swine, horses, ponies, mules, or goats, including the breeding and grazing of any or all such animals.

Can property continue to receive the special use value assessment when the owner sells his/her property? If it is the desire of the new owner, and the property continues to meet the qualifications for a use value assessment, the parcel can remain in the program.

Will roll back taxes be assessed on a property when a portion of the property is sold? Roll back taxes will be assessed on the subdivided portion of the property; example, subdividing twelve acres into four-three acre lots.

Can the parcel remain in the use value assessment program when the "use" of the property changes to a non-qualifying use? Parcels that are not in a bona fide agricultural, horticultural, forest or open space use are not eligible for the use value assessment program. The property owner is required to report any change in the use of the property to the Real Estate Assessor within sixty days of such change. At which time the property will be removed from the use value assessment program.